Statistical Analysis

Participants contributed follow-up time from the return of the 1986 questionnaire up to the occurrence of a confirmed stroke, death, or January 31, 1994. Intakes of potassium and other nutrients were energy-adjusted to 2000 kcal/d. 16 Relative risks (RR) were calculated by dividing the incidence of stroke among men in each fifth of energy-adjusted potassium intake at baseline by the incidence among men in the lowest fifth of intake. Similar calculations were done for the other nutrients. We adjusted RRs for age (5-year categories) 17 and used the Mantel extension test 18 to test for linear trends. To adjust for other risk factors, we used pooled logistic regression with 2-year intervals. When the probability of an event within an interval is small, this method is equivalent to a Cox proportional-hazards analysis. 19 Multivariate models included as covariates calendar time (2-year intervals), total energy intake (continuous variable), smoking (current, past, and 1 to 14, 15 to 24, and ?25 cigarettes/d), alcohol consumption (<5, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 29, and ?30 g/d), history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, parental history of myocardial infarction before age 65 years, profession, and quintiles of body mass index and physical activity. In these models, we evaluated monotonic trends by using the median value of each category and modeling this as a continuous variable. All P values are 2-sided. Covariates were not updated during the follow-up.

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Throughout the 323 394 person-several years of follow-right up, i documented 328 cases of cerebrovascular crashes (fifty fatal), and 210 ischemic, 70 hemorrhagic, and forty eight unclassified shots. Men from the greatest 5th of potassium intake (also potassium away from medications) was basically less inclined to tobacco cigarette, have been far more really energetic, and you will ate reduced alcoholic drinks, shorter lbs, more proteins, and micronutrients than simply boys in the bottom 5th (Desk step one ). Equivalent affairs was basically located to have magnesium, fiber, and calcium (data perhaps not found). Age-modified RR regarding overall coronary attack for men about most useful 5th out-of potassium intake in contrast to those who work in the base 5th was 0.59 (Table 2 ). That it RR is actually quite attenuated by modifications for nondietary risk affairs (RR=0.62) and by then modifications to possess intakes off magnesium and you will fibre (RR=0.69). The latest involved connectivity which have ischemic coronary arrest have been equivalent, while zero significant connectivity have been observed having hemorrhagic heart attack (investigation perhaps not shown). Further changes having consumption of full fat, healthy protein, saturated fat, supplement C, e vitamin, carotene, otherwise folic acid failed to materially change the organization ranging from potassium consumption and you will likelihood of total coronary attack, nor did modifications getting standard systolic and you may diastolic blood circulation pressure or addition to the model of a communicating identity anywhere between decades and blood circulation pressure.

Consumption out of soluble fiber and you can magnesium was each other inversely with the threat of complete stroke for the years-adjusted analyses (Dining table 2 ). This type of contacts was basically merely meagerly attenuated from the adjustment having nondietary risk activities, nonetheless have been substantially weakened when you look at the regression habits that additionally provided potassium, magnesium, and you will soluble fiber by the positive correlations anywhere between intakes away from these nutrients (Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.65 for magnesium and you can potassium, 0.62 for magnesium and you can fiber, and you may 0.58 having potassium and you can fibre).

Neither calcium nor sodium intake (analysis maybe not found) try significantly on the chance of overall, ischemic, otherwise hemorrhagic stroke. Sodium consumption has also been not related so you can intake out of potassium (Pearson relationship = ?0.02) and you may was not reviewed further. While the when you look at the an earlier study a keen inverse connection is actually claimed anywhere between calcium supplements from milk offer and you may threat of coronary arrest, 20 i examined so it matchmaking in our cohort. Brand new multivariate risk on the most useful compared with the base quintile away from dairy calcium consumption is 0.83 (95% CI, 0.59, 1.17) having overall (Dining table 2 ), 0.ninety (95% CI, 0.59, 1.37) to have ischemic, and you can 0.73 (95% CI, 0.36, 1.51) to possess hemorrhagic coronary attack; a decreased incidence of each lead is noticed in the center quintile away from consumption. Including, i looked at whether or not the threat of coronary arrest try all the way down certainly boys exactly who claimed having fun with calcium supplements at the standard. The fresh RR for males which got ?400 mg/d out-of extra calcium supplements compared with nonusers is 0.88 to own complete heart attack (95% CI, 0.sixty, step 1.27) and 0.83 to have ischemic coronary arrest (95% CI, 0.52, step 1.34).